Newborn genetic screening and a primary prevention strategy for Type 1 Diabetes- the Freder1k and POInT study // Cell death in adult hippocampal neurogenesis is ferroptotic and rescued by selenium

Date

Apr 27, 2018

Time

4:00 PM - 5:00 PM

Speaker

Ezio Bonifacio, Angela Hommel // Gerd Kempermann, Tara Walker

Affiliation

Postdoc; Postdoc

Language

en

Main Topic

Biologie

Other Topics

Biologie, Medizin

Description

Abstract 1st talk: The incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes continues to increase. The vision is to stop this. Therefore, a Global Platform for the Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes (GPPAD) was initiated. Currently GPPAD runs the Freder1k and the POInT study. Within the Freder1k study, neonates who are at increased risk to develop type 1 diabetes can now be identified within the newborn screening using a type 1 diabetes genetic score. The identified newborns have a greater than 10% risk for pre-symptomatic type 1 diabetes. These families are informed about the meaning of an elevated risk for type 1 diabetes, educated about symptoms of the disease as well as asked to participate in a randomized controlled trial aiming to prevent type 1 diabetes. In this trial called POInT (primary oral Insulin trial), children receive a daily dose of insulin powder orally to introduce immune tolerance to insulin aiming to prevent type 1 diabetes and create a world without 1 (type 1 diabetes that is). The program will screen over 300,000 newborns to recruit over 1000 babies into the trial that lasts for 7.5 years. Abstract 2nd talk: Apoptotic cell death is a key mechanism controlling the generation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus, a brain region important for learning and memory. We show here that ferroptosis, a recently-discovered form of programmed cell death with as yet unknown physiological functions, explains the first wave of cell death at the precursor cell stage of neurogenesis. Reduction of ferroptosis by exogenous selenium increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus but not the subventricular zone, another adult neural stem cell niche. This suggests a mechanism whereby external stimuli including physical activity increase hippocampal but not subventricular zone neurogenesis. We propose that ferroptotic elimination maintains an expandable reservoir of neural precursor cells that is sensitive to the environmental regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Links

• to announcement of the organizer

Last modified: Apr 27, 2018, 9:59:07 AM