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UID:DSC-15104
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20181129T160000
SEQUENCE:1543450060
TRANSP:OPAQUE
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20181129T170000
URL:https://www.dresden-science-calendar.de/calendar/de/detail/15104
LOCATION:TUD CRTD\, Fetscherstraße 10501307 Dresden
SUMMARY:Borst: How do neurons compute the direction of motion?
CLASS:PUBLIC
DESCRIPTION:Speaker: Prof. Alexander Borst\nInstitute of Speaker: Max Planc
 k Institute of Neurobiology\, Department: Circuits - Computation - Models\
 nTopics:\nBiologie\, Medizin\n Location:\n  Name: TUD CRTD (CRTD\, ground 
 floor\, auditorium left)\n  Street: Fetscherstraße 105\n  City: 01307 Dre
 sden\n  Phone: +49 (0)351 458 82052\n  Fax: +49 (0)351 458 82059 \nDescrip
 tion: AbstractDetecting the direction of image motion is important for vis
 ual navigation as well as predator\, prey and mate detection\, and thus es
 sential for the survival of all animals that have eyes. However\, the dire
 ction of motion is not explicitly represented at the level of the photorec
 eptors: it rather needs to be computed by subsequent neural circuits\, inv
 olving a comparison of the signals from neighboring photoreceptors over ti
 me. The exact nature of this process represents a classic example of neura
 l computation and has been a longstanding question in the field. Only rece
 ntly\, much progress has been made in the fruit fly Drosophila by genetica
 lly targeting individual neuron types to block\, activate or record from t
 hem. Our results obtained this way indicate that the local direction of mo
 tion is computed in two parallel ON and OFF pathways. Within each pathway\
 , a retinotopic array of four direction-selective T4 (ON) and T5 (OFF) cel
 ls represents the four Cartesian components of local motion vectors. Since
  none of their presynaptic neurons turned out to be directionally selectiv
 e\, direction selectivity first emerges within T4 and T5 cells. Our presen
 t research focuses on the cellular and biophysical mechanisms by which thi
 s important visual cue is computed in these neurons. 5 most recent papersJ
 oesch M\, Schnell B\, Raghu SV\, Reiff DF\, Borst A (2010) ON and OFF path
 ways in Drosophila motion vision. Nature 468: 300-304. Maisak MS\, Haag J\
 , Ammer G\, Serbe E\, Meier M\, Leonhardt A\, Schilling T\, Bahl A\, Rubin
  GM\, Nern A\, Dickson BJ\, Reiff DF\, Hopp E\, Borst A (2013) A direction
 al tuning map of Drosophila elementary motion detectors. Nature 500: 212-2
 16. Mauss AS\, Pankova K\, Arenz A\, Nern A\, Rubin GM\, Borst A (2015) Ne
 ural circuit to integrate opposing motions in the visual field. Cell 162: 
 351-362. Haag J\, Arenz A\, Serbe E\, Gabbiani F\, Borst A (2016) Compleme
 ntary mechanisms create direction selectivity in the fly. eLife 5: e17421.
  Arenz A\, Drews MS\, Richter FG\, Ammer G\, Borst A (2017) The temporal t
 uning of the Drosophila motion detectors is determined by the dynamics of 
 their input elements. Curr Biol 27: 929-944.
DTSTAMP:20260517T141558Z
CREATED:20181006T000940Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20181129T000740Z
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